Chronically blocked vessel (CTO) refers to a condition in which the vessel is completely or partially blocked over a long period of time. CTOs usually occur due to vascular problems such as coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease. This condition can block the normal flow of blood through the blood vessels and make it difficult to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. CTO procedures include treatment options to remove these blockages.

CTO procedures are usually performed with endovascular interventions. In these procedures, angiography is usually used to examine the vasculature in detail. One of the most commonly used methods in the treatment of CTO is angioplasty and stent placement. In this procedure, a catheter is guided to the site of the blockage and an expandable balloon is used to open the vessel. A stent is then placed to support the dilated area.

CTO procedures are usually performed by an experienced endovascular surgeon or cardiologist. These procedures may require different techniques and strategies depending on the patient’s vasculature. By regulating blood circulation, CTO treatment can help reduce symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. However, the treatment plan should be individualized as each patient is different.